One of the most important warnings is darkened gums. The causes of black gums are diverse, most of which are not harmful to health. Maintaining healthy gums is very important for our oral health and aesthetics, as their function is to hold teeth in place.
Gums are made up of hard, fibrous, and sensitive tissue. They serve as the connection between the teeth and the alveolar bone. They usually have a pink appearance, but sometimes develop black or dark brown spots. Although in most cases, as we will see, they represent more of an aesthetic problem than a health one.
However, sometimes blackheads can indicate a more serious condition. To be sure, it is best to consult with your dentist if you notice the appearance of dark spots on your gums, especially if they are also painful or change in size, shape, or color.
Causes of black gums
Mouth injuries
Gums can be injured just like any other part of your body. Bruises on the gums are usually dark red or purple, but they can also be dark brown or black.
Rash hematomas
When a tooth is about to erupt, it can create a fluid-filled cyst. That cyst, sometimes, can be made up of blood mixed with fluid, which can make it look dark purple or black.
They usually disappear on their own after the tooth comes out.
Amalgam tattoos
When filling a cavity with a silver amalgam filling, a deposit of this amalgam may remain on the gums, creating a dark stain. These cannot be removed, but they are harmless and do not require treatment.
Blue nevus
Blue nevi can look black or blue and usually appear as a freckle on the gums. They generally do not require treatment.
Oral cancer
Cancer in the mouth can also cause black gums. Other symptoms associated with oral cancer include open sores, unusual bleeding, and swelling in the mouth.
To determine if a sore is caused by cancer, the dentist will perform a biopsy and use different imaging techniques, such as a CT scan, to check if the cancer has spread.
If the spot is cancerous, it can be surgically removed if it has not spread. If it has spread, radiation therapy or chemotherapy can help destroy the cancer cells.
Drinking large amounts of alcohol and using tobacco are the biggest risk factors for developing oral cancer.
